Flushing Wells and Installing Well Meters

Each spring before we re-install our well meters for the irrigation system we have to flush the iron and sediment out of the wells. Because our irrigation system lacks a proper filtration system iron flakes from the wells that feed the irrigation system constantly clog sprinkler heads. Flushing the wells certainly helps a bit but after we recharge and fill the irrigation system for the year we will still need to flush each individual sprinkler head on the golf course as well. It is a time consuming process. I will post pictures of this process as well when it begins.

A Quick Update!

From March 28th to March 29th our weather station at the Turf Care Center recorded 4.35 inches of rain. In the heat and humidity of summer that amount of rain would have been potentially catastrophic to the turf. Thankfully its still spring and the golf course took that amount of rain surprisingly well. The course is open to walkers but there will be no golf carts allowed today, Tuesday, April 1st. Hopefully the course will continue to drain quickly but certain slow to drain areas such as the 3rd fairway, 4th fairway, beginning of the 9th fairway, 14, and 16 often prevent us from allowing golf carts as soon as we would like.  Because the turf is still awakening from winter dormancy and the ground was already soft from recently thawing from a deep winter freeze, it is especially easy to damage the turf with golf carts given the amount of rain we just received. Please be patient with us as we will be extremely cautious to protect the golf course from incurring any unnecessary golf cart damage.

14th Hole in the middle of the rain storm on Saturday morning...

17th Hole in the middle of the rain storm on Saturday morning. Notice the Bridge and the area to the left of the green almost completely under water...

3 Days later the golf course is still draining. Water comes out of the ledge to the left of the 4th fairway and drains all the way across the fairway to the bottom right starting point of the fairway.

We have installed a number of drains in and around the 4th fairway over the years but with such a large amount of rain they are often overwhelmed. In the case of the 4th fairway the water is actually coming OUT of the ground and draining downhill across the 4th fairway. You may ask yourself how this is possible given the laws of gravity and the fact that water is naturally pulled into the ground. In the case of the 4th fairway the ledge (rock) in the ground is creating an impermeable layer that water cannot be drawn down through. This forces the water to move sideways in the direction of least resistance, which naturally is downhill across the 4th fairway. If you can picture in your mind two sponges placed on top of each other. If you poured water on the top sponge the water would naturally drain down to the bottom sponge allowing the top sponge to dry. Now place a piece of plastic between the two sponges. If you poured water on the top sponged the water wouldn't be able to penetrate the plastic and reach bottom sponge. The top sponge will stay saturated and the water will seep out sideways around the edges where the top sponge meets the pastic. The top sponge will eventually dry but it will take MUCH longer because of the impermeable layer the plastic created. Pictured below, the water is actually coming OUT of the drain in the rough to the left of the 4th fairway and then draining across the surface of the 4th fairway.

 Many of the bunkers become bath tubs after a heavy rain storm and take 2 or 3 days to drain.

And of course many of the bunkers are severely washed out. The face of the bunker on #2 is actually caved in. If the bunkers weren't bad already from the winter they are now exponentially worse!

Golf Course Opening

As of Thursday, March 20th all 18 holes are open for play. While all 18 holes are available to play the golf course is not yet fully cleaned and restored from the winter to typical CCNB conditions. The process of cleaning and repairing areas of the golf course from the winter has begun but please be patient as our small, skeleton crew at the Turf Care Center does their best to return the golf course to the conditions we all expect.

A few quick notes.. 

Bunkers - To be perfectly blunt, the bunkers are a mess. They are full of leaves, and some still have snow in them. Many are washed out from rain storms and snow melt over the winter. We have yet to begin the process of cleaning out the bunkers, repairing them, and raking them. We will begin this process sometime next week as weather allows (we are hoping it doesn't snow!). This is a very labor intensive process and could take up to a week or so to complete with a moderate sized crew. Please be patient with us as we do our best to clean up the bunkers.

Removing Goose Excrement

Goose Excrement - Yes, its gross. In fact, I don't ever recall seeing this much goose excrement on the fairways and in the roughs. The good news is the geese don't like to be bothered and now that we are on the golf course working daily and golfers are playing the course daily the geese will leave for the season. The bad news is that we are left with a huge mess to deal with. The greens and tees have been blown off but cleaning the fairways, where the majority of the excrement remains, is a bit more labor intensive. To un-stick the excrement from the turf we have been dragging a metal mat with a golf cart over the turf and then blowing the excrement into the rough. As soon as the we start to mow the rough the mowers will mulch the excrement in the rough and we will be done with dealing with goose excrement for the season. This process is very effective but also very time consuming. Many fairways have already been cleaned but please be patient as we clean the remaining fairways. We hope to have this process completed by the end of next week. For now, we suggest wearing an old pair of shoes :-)

Golf Carts  - Barring any unforeseen weather changes we hope to allow golf cart usage by the end of next week. Please be aware of and obey any cart signs and keep all carts (including pull carts) out of any roped off areas and away from the greens.

Sticks and Tree Limbs - There are still quite a few sticks and tree limbs on the golf course from winter storms. We are in the process of cleaning them up. Please be patient with us as our small crew does their best to clean them up as quickly as possible.

A few spring projects to keep an eye out for - This spring there will be a few small projects that we will be attempting to complete. We hope to remove the crushed stone dust adjacent to many of the cart paths and replace it with turf. Also, tree pruning will continue around the forward tees on #2 and on the left of the 4th fairway. I'll post pictures and updates on the blog as we begin these projects.

Frost Damage

What happens when golfers do not observe course closings?

Or when equally hard to control deer also do not observe course closings :-) 

Photoshop Tree Removal

WHAT THE SECOND HOLE COULD LOOK LIKE. RESPOND IN THE COMMENTS SECTION WITH OPINIONS. 

 Before -

   After- Notice a huge improvement in sunlight on the back area of the green. Additionally there would be no more pine needles constantly on the green.

  An idea for a replacement planting- Three small magnolia trees.

POLITICS RELIGION AND WINTER PLAY ON GREENS

By James T. Snow
Director, Northeastern Region, USGA Green Section
Reprinted from the USGA Green Section Record 
It is common knowledge that three topics are simply too controversial for polite conversation, and should never be brought up at social functions: politics, religion and winter play on greens. Not familiar with the last? If not, then you apparently haven't spent much time at northern golf courses during late fall and early winter.

Few subjects raise such an emotional response from golf course superintendents and golfers alike. Golfers can become irate at actions restricting their access to regular greens during late fall, winter, and early spring, while superintendents are just as unyielding in their view that play should be kept off the greens at those times.

Who's right?

As with most topics of this nature, qualifications have to be tacked on to any firm answer. It is safe to say, however, that winter play can only harm the greens, and in many instances it has a significantly negative impact on the health and playability of the turf during the following golf season.



Repercussions Of Winter Play

It is not hard to understand why many golfers are sometimes skeptical about claims concerning the negative effects of winter play, because to them the turf on greens that have been played throughout the winter usually appears the same as the turf on greens that have been closed. The effects of winter traffic, however, need not be obvious and dramatic to have significant and long-lasting repercussions.

Direct wear injury
Thinning of the turf due to direct wear injury is an obvious and important result of winter traffic. Unlike during the growing season, when turf is able to regenerate new leaves and stems to replace injured tissue daily, winter weather completely halts turf growth; the grass is continually thinned throughout the winter in direct proportion to the amount of traffic. This thinning of the turf canopy can, and often does, encourage the establishment of such weeds as Poa annua, crabgrass, goosegrass, moss, algae, pearlwort, spurge, and other weed pests during the spring and summer. True enough, weeds can indeed be a problem on greens that aren't subjected to winter play, but winter traffic causes them to be just that much more abundant and difficult to control.

Soil compaction
Soil compaction is a more subtle and perhaps more important consequence of winter traffic. Because of the cold winter temperatures and lack of active turf growth, the loss of excess soil moisture through evaporation and transpiration is greatly reduced. In addition, frozen sub-surface soils may completely block the movement of excess moisture through the soil profile. During the summer, a very heavy rainfall often creates soil conditions that warrant closing the course for a day or two until the excess moisture is eliminated by the way of evaporation, transpiration, and downward percolation through the soil profile. Because these moisture losses are often non-functional during the winter, saturated soil conditions can persist for weeks or longer. Yet the golfers who can appreciate the need to close the course during the summer are sometimes completely unsympathetic to the same conditions and concerns during the winter.

The effects of soil compaction on the health and playability of the turf are insidious at any time, but because wet soils are especially prone to compaction, the likelihood of traffic causing the collapse of good soil structure is of constant concern during the winter. As soil particles are compacted and pushed closer and closer together, the pore space that facilitates drainage and root growth during summer is gradually lost. As the season finally commences, golfers often complain the these compacted greens are hard. From an agronomic standpoint, turf begins the season in a weakened state, predisposed to a host of summer problems. In addition to the potential for weed encroachment, the turf on greens played during winter tends to wilt more readily during hot weather, and often is more susceptible to a wide array of primary and secondary disease organisms.

Effects on playability
With the loss of turf density from direct wear injury and the loss of turf vigor caused by soil compaction, greens played during winter tend to be hard, slow, and bumpy, and they are slower to develop during the spring, compared to greens that are not subjected to winter traffic. Footprinting is often a problem, and golfers tend to complain about the lack of trueness even after several topdressings in the spring. Finally, the effects of compaction on the health of the turf can last to a certain extent for much of the season, making it difficult or impossible to keep the greens as closely cut and intensively groomed as some golfers might desire.

Many winter golfers have heard these arguments before and have dismissed them as being ravings of overprotective golf course superintendents and turfgrass scientists. A favorite response is, "I pay plenty to play golf at this club, and I'm going to use the regular greens during the winter. That's why we pay the superintendent - to fix up the greens in time for spring. Besides, the Let-'Em-Play-Anytime Golf Course down the street lets them play through the winter, and they don't lose any grass during the summer. Anyway, we only have a few groups that play much during the winter. How much damage can we do?"



Factors To Consider

On the surface, these comments seem quite valid; after all, everything is a matter of degree. But many factors should be taken into account in developing a logical policy on winter play.

Anticipated traffic
If a single round of golf were played on the course during the winter, most would agree that the potential for serious damage would be nil. Same for ten rounds? How about 100, 500 or 1,000? If the weather is mild and there is little snow, how many more rounds will it add? Where do you draw the line?

Soil type
Winter golfers argue that sand-based greens drain well and don't compact, making them very suitable for winter play at any time. While it is true that sand-based greens don't suffer from compaction to the extent that older soil-based greens might, it is also true that direct-wear injury is likely to be more severe on sand greens. Turf density can be greatly compromised, and weed encroachment can be a real concern. It is also true that most golf courses in the North do not have good sand-based greens. Obviously, courses with older soil-based greens are especially vulnerable to both types of winter injury.

Specific weather conditions
Though traffic on dormant turf will indeed cause some injury, the weather and soil conditions at the time of play will dictate the type and extent of the damage. Traffic on dry, unfrozen soil will cause the least damage, but this condition is rare during the winter. Frozen soil can cause significant wear injury but little soil compaction. Play on wet, unfrozen soil can result in significant soil compaction but less wear injury. Play on a thawing soil(wet on the surface, frozen below) can result in severe soil compaction and wear injury, and should be avoided. Finally, frosted turf is extremely susceptible to direct injury, and play should never be allowed.

Grass species
Do you have bentgrass greens and want to keep them? Then don't allow winter play. Thinned turf and compacted soil is just what Poa annua is looking for in the spring.

Cultural maintenance programs
Winter golfers argue that a good golf course superintendent should be able to fix damage done during the winter by aerifying, topdressing, overseeding, fertilizing, and irrigating during the early spring. If weed encroachment is a problem, then he should apply herbicides to kill the weeds, and pre-emergent herbicides to prevent the crabgrass and goosegrass from developing. However, 1) it would be a rare case where intensive spring work would completely compensate for the wear injury and soil compaction resulting from winter play,2) chemicals applied to control crabgrass and other weeds have a negative effect on the root growth and the overall heath of the turf during the summer, 3) golfers despise the intensive aerification and topdressing required during the early spring, since most of them return after a winter layoff and find their greens ripped up and in poor playing condition for weeks or more, and 4)all of the work to renovate the greens takes more money for labor and materials and comes at the expense of ither spring course preparation activities. History of winter injury
The effects of winter play can exacerbate the injury from other types of winter problems, including desiccation, winter diseases, and low-temperature kill (ice damage). Winter play, therefore, should be avoided if the course regularly suffers from other forms of winter injury.

Previous weed problems
Courses that have previously experienced and are concerned about weed problems such as crabgrass, goosegrass, spurge, moss, algae and Poa annua would do themselves a favor by avoiding winter play on the regular greens.

Recent stress problems
Winter play is best not allowed on greens that have experienced the loss of turf or extreme weakness during the previous year or years caused by heat stress, secondary disease problems such as anthracnose or summer patch, nematodes or other summer stress problems. Greens like these probably would suffer even greater problems if they were burdened with the vigor-inhibiting effects of winter play.

Trees
Greens close to large trees that suffer from shade, air circulation problems, and tree root competition should not be forced to endure the complicating effects of winter play. Compared to turf growing in clear areas, greens growing in locations like these usually respond very slowly in the spring, and they tend to be weak during the summer. Many greens on the older, mature courses in the North can be grouped in this category.

Standards for play
One of the most important questions to ask in contemplating whether or not to use the regular greens in winter concerns what the golfers want from the greens during the regular season. If they want top-quality turf from spring through fall, involving very close, frequent mowing, double mowing, frequent verticutting, lean fertilization, minimal irrigation, or other stress-inducing practices, then it is best to avoid winter play. If the golfers don't mind higher cutting heights, slower speeds, and greater inconsistency, then winter golf was made for them. Some bias in that statement? Perhaps, but too many golfers want to trample their dormant greens during the winter months and then enjoy U.S. Open conditions from April through November. There are still some things money can't buy.



Some Alternatives

Given that this article won't end the use of the regular greens during winter on all golf courses, a look at some of the alternatives might prove useful in establishing a winter policy.

• Use temporary greens. Many golf courses avoid winter injury by establishing temporary greens on the fairway approach area to the existing greens. Often these areas are aerified and topdressed several times during the fall, and the cutting height is lowered to produce a reasonable putting surface for the winter. Sure it's more fun to hit to the regular greens, but isn't it worth sacrificing a little bit during the winter to keep the greens in good condition for spring, summer, and fall? The best policy is to close the greens when growth ceases in the fall, and open them in the spring only when growth resumes and the soil has dried enough to resist compaction.
• Design a winter course. This should be especially appealing to the addicts who simply can't get enough. Many clubs play their course backwards, going from green to tee end of the fairway. Others use their imaginations and design holes in a cross-country style crossing roughs and water hazards that might rarely be seen or appreciated when golfers play the regular course. Temporary greens can be established on existing fairways or roughs, near fairway bunkers, water hazards, or groupings of trees. The possibilities are limitless.
• Establish temporary greens, but use them only when conditions are not appropriate for using the regular greens. This is a bad policy, because conditions can go from fair to terrible in just a few hours. For example, greens that are frozen in the morning sun can thaw as temperatures rise during the day. If play is allowed on the regular greens in the morning, at what point should it switch to temporary greens? Who will decide? Will gofers already on the course be notified of the change? Obviously, the logistics of this policy are difficult, and the likelihood of damage to the greens is great.
• Use the regular greens during the winter, but close the course on days when the potential for damage is great. This policy has the same flaws as the one above. In some ways it's even worse, because the days when the greens should be closed, when temperatures rise above freezing and the putting surfaces become thawed, are the same days that most winter golfers want to be on the course. Superintendents can come under great pressure from club officials to keep the course open, despite their great misgivings, and sometimes they are simply overruled.
• Play the greens throughout the winter, regardless of the conditions. Because the alternatives require difficult decisions and complicated logistics, many golf courses opt for this worst-choice policy. For the reasons we've outlined, these golf courses are just asking for problems.
• Close the course for the winter. From the standpoint of having the greens, tees, and fairways in the best possible condition fir the spring, this is certainly the best policy. There is no doubt that winter play on the tees and fairways can thin the turf and compact the soil just as it can on the greens. However, golfers don't putt on the tees and fairways during the summer, and most don't mind some cultivation and overseeding on these areas during spring. Nevertheless, many courses establish temporary tees for the winter, or sacrifice small portions of the regular tees for winter use if play is expected to be moderate to heavy. If the club decides to keep the course open, whether or not the regular greens are used, gofers should be asked to wear shoes without spikes or cleats whenever possible, and riding carts should be restricted to paths, if they're allowed at all.

Winter play can do an inordinate amount of damage to the health and playability of the greens in relation to the number of rounds. Every golf course considering winter play should question whether or not it is worth the risk of damaging the greens and affecting their playability for a significant period of the regular seasonably allowing a relatively small percentage of the club's golfers to use them at that time. In the view of most golf course superintendents, turfgrass scientists, and agronomists, it is not. Unfortunately, even the considered opinion of the experts is unlikely to separate winter play from politics and religion as a topic of controversy among golfers.

Plowing!

Here are a few short videos of us plowing. The definitely aren't the most exciting videos to watch but they give a general idea of what its like to be at CCNB in the middle of a blizzard.  Depending on the timing of the snow storm we generally plow throughout the night to make sure the parking lot is clear when the clubhouse opens in the morning.

4PM-

3AM! A little music to stay awake!